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The ABC of Neurology

amygdala: is responsible for emotional reactions and fears. She also sends signals to escape and fight reactions.

Axon: directs nerve impulses away from the cell body.

Brocazentrum: One of the main components of the Language Centre.

cingulate cortex: responsible for attentional processes, for error and conflict monitoring.

cochlea: contains the sound-sensitive cells of the ear.

dendrites: extensions of nerve cell pool, cell body, are directed toward information from different sources.

dopamine: important neurotransmitters are more important commands of the central nervous system to the muscles, to elsewhere in the CNS important for generating feelings of happiness.

frontal lobe: issued movement orders, coordinate language, decide which behavior of one's objectives and the environment is appropriate.

Ghrelin: during meals undistributed hormone to increase the appetite.

glial cells: instrumental in material and fluid transport in the brain and in the processes of information processing, storage, forwarding.

cortex / cortex: largest part of the brain consists of 4 parts: the occipital lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, frontal lobe.

hippocampus: stores facts and location information, decides on remembering and forgetting.

brainstem: controls basic, essential functions such as reflex movements of the head / eyes, breathing, heartbeat, sleep, wakefulness and digestion.

hypothalamus: responsible for elementary processes such as sexual behavior, the feeling of hunger and thirst, body temperature and sleep-waking rhythm.


insulin: hormone produced by the pancreas to the brain tells the body fat content, lowers blood sugar levels.

cerebellum (Latin: cerebellum): receives information about body position and movement, and correspondingly controls the movements.

Langzeitpotentierung: long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission between nerve cells.

Leptin: produced by fat cells Hormone. tells the brain the amount of fat the body, and variations thereof with which inhibits the occurrence of hunger feelings and plays an important role in the regulation of fat metabolism.

Limbic System: functional unit of the brain to process emotions, responsible for the development of instinctive behavior.

myelin: fatty insulating sheath that wraps our nerve fibers, spiral-shaped, responsible for the fluid-free transmission of electrical impulses along the axon.

neurotransmitters: biochemical substances that pass through synapses, information from one nerve cell to another.

nucleus accumbens: has a central role in the "reward system" of the brain has dopamine receptors, whose stimulation for the happiness of feeling blamed.

occipital lobe (cerebral occipital lobe): processes the visual perception.

orbitofrontal cortex: secondary taste center receives input from different perceptual modalities (primary olfactory cortex, taste cortex, visual cortex, sensitive cortex)

oxytocin: neurotransmitter that affects the bond between mother and child, and sex partners and, more general social interactions.

Pariettallappen: receives information from the skin senses, combines information from all senses and decides to which attention is being directed.

prefrontal cortex: is at the front of the brain that receives the processed sensory signals, integrates them with memory and emotional content lane reviews and initiates actions on this basis, the supreme control of the situation-appropriate action control.

Serotonin: happiness hormone, affects appetite and sleep, sex drive controls

striatum: lies deep inside the brain and assembles many nerve cell bodies. The main task is the inhibition of Bewugngsabläufen.

suprachiasmatic nucleus: core area in the brain, Location of the "master clock" (day, night rhythm).




Synapse contact point between nerve cells and other cells (such as sensory, muscle and gland cells) or between two nerve cells, in this case refers to excitation transfer from a Axon on another cell instead.

temporal lobe: involved in the hearing process and reactions responsible for the understanding of language, important for learning, memory and emotional.

thalamus: filtered and processed sensory information from the eyes, ears and skin and forwards them to the cerebral cortex.

Literature: Welcome to Your Brain: A respekloser guide through the world of our brain

of Sandra Aamodt (Author), Samuel Wang (Author)